Urogenital flora uchun surtma (3 nuqta: qin, bachadon bo‘yni, uretra) — Gram bo‘yash bilan mikroskopiya
Kod:6023
| Kabi | Qin Bachadon bo‘yni Uretra |
|---|
Tahlil ma'lumotlari
Tadqiqot usuli
—
Kutilayotgan natija topshirish vaqti
1 kun
Maxsus tayyorlik
- Schedule collection before menstruation or 2–3 days after it ends.
- Avoid intravaginal products (suppositories, creams, spermicides) and tampons for 3 days before collection.
- Wait at least 48 hours after transvaginal ultrasound, colposcopy, or biopsy before sampling.
- Do not have sexual intercourse for 24 hours prior to the test.
- Do not douche the day before or on the day of sampling.
- Refrain from urinating for 1.5–2 hours before specimen collection.
- Clean the external genital area thoroughly without using antiseptics or antibacterial soap.
- In consultation with the treating clinician, stop antibiotics and anti‑inflammatory medications several days before testing.
Qanday foydalanish
Qin, bachadon bo‘yni va uretradan olingan ayollar urogenital mikroflorasining mikroskopik tekshiruvi pastki jinsiy yo‘llarning umumiy mikrobiy tarkibi va muvozanatini baholash uchun qo‘llaniladi. Bu test, flora uchun urogenital surtma yoki Gram‑bo‘yalgan bakterioskopiya nomlari bilan ham ma’lum, bakterial vaginoz diagnostikasini qo‘llab‑quvvatlaydi va kandidoz, trixomoniaz hamda gonoreyani o‘z ichiga olgan ayrim jinsiy yo‘l bilan yuqadigan infeksiyalarni aniqlashi mumkin. U jinsiy va siydik yo‘llari kasalliklarining differensial diagnostikasida yordam beradi, davoga javobni kuzatishda ishlatiladi va akusherlik yordami tarkibiga kiritilgan (dastlabki prenatal tashrifda va 30 hamda 36 xaftalarda) hamda kontsepsiyaga tayyorgarlik baholashida qo‘llaniladi. Ushbu tahlil, shuningdek, bepushtlik va takroriy homila tushishini o‘rganishda ham hissa qo‘shadi.
Cheklovlar
Qin ekotizimi taxminan 40 mikroorganizmlar turidan iborat. Reproduktiv yoshdagilarda laktobatsillalar ustun bo‘lib, odatda flora tarkibining 95–98% ni tashkil etadi. Opportunistik mikroorganizmlar taxminan 2–3% ni tashkil etadi va ularga stafilokokklar, streptokokklar, korynebakteriyalar, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Gardnerella hamda turli anaeroblar (masalan, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Mobiluncus, enterokokklar, peptokokklar, peptostreptokokklar, Veillonella, klostridiyalar, eubakteriyalar, Campylobacter va fuzobakteriyalar) kirishi mumkin; Candida turlarining oz miqdori ham uchrashi mumkin. Laktobatsillalar vodorod peroksid va sut kislotasini ishlab chiqarish orqali himoya muhitini saqlashga yordam beradi; bu moddalar glikogen mavjudligida pH 3.8–4.5 bo‘lgan kislotali muhitni ta’minlaydi, bu esa opportunistlarning ortiqcha ko‘payishini cheklaydi va patogenlarni bostiradi. Xo‘jayin organizmi yoki atrof‑muhit omillaridagi o‘zgarishlar — immun funksiyaning pasayishi, stress, metabolik buzilishlar, keng ta’sir doirasidagi antibiotiklar, yallig‘lanishga qarshi, immunosupressiv yoki gormonal terapiyaga ta’sirlanish, fiziologik gormonal o‘tish davrlari (menarx, homiladorlik, menopauza, tug‘ruqdan keyin, abortdan keyin) va yetarli gigiyena bo‘lmasligi — laktobatsillalar kamayishiga va opportunistik mikroblarning kengayishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Vujudga kelgan disbioz o‘z vaqtida bartaraf etilmasa, tashqi va ichki jinsiy a’zolarning yallig‘lanish kasalliklariga (jumladan endometrit, salpingit va ooforit), noxush homiladorlik natijalariga, homila tushishiga va bepushtlikka hissa qo‘shishi mumkin. Qin, bachadon bo‘yni va uretradan olingan surtmalarning mikroskopik baholashi mikrob yuklamasining yarimmiqdoriy ko‘rinishini beradi, florani tavsiflaydi va Trichomonas vaginalis hamda Neisseria gonorrhoeae kabi ayrim jinsiy yo‘l bilan yuqadigan patogenlarni aniqlashi mumkin. Tekshiruv, shuningdek, qin epiteliyining holatini baholaydi va leykotsitar javob orqali yallig‘lanish faolligini taxmin qiladi. Gram bo‘yash bakteriyalarni tez toifalashni osonlashtiradi; odatdagi ginekologik surtmalarda normal flora laktobatsilla morfotiplariga mos keluvchi gram‑musbat tayoqchalar ko‘rinishida namoyon bo‘ladi.
| Referens oraliq | — |
|---|---|
| Ko'rsatmalar | Preventive gynecologic screening to detect inflammatory conditions of the female genital tract., Genitourinary symptoms such as pelvic or lower abdominal pain, dysuria, dyspareunia, abnormal vaginal discharge (curd‑like or purulent), or vulvar pruritus., Suspected disturbance of the vaginal microbiota after antibiotic, hormonal, or immunosuppressive therapy., Preoperative assessment before pelvic surgery or gynecologic procedures (cervical cauterization, polypectomy, endometrial curettage, or intrauterine device placement)., Preconception workup and pregnancy planning. |
Namunangiz talablari
| Namunangiz | Surtma |
|---|---|
| Container | Tampon (3-tur transport muhiti) |