ПЦР. Уреаплазма уреалитикум/парвум (U. urealyticum/parvum), кровь

Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma hominis Culture is used to identify infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in patients presenting with urethritis, cervicitis, or other genitourinary inflammatory syndromes. The assay aids the differential diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections when clinical features overlap with chlamydia, gonorrhea, or other mycoplasmal disease. Results also support antimicrobial stewardship by helping assess response to therapy, and they can be used in targeted preventive or preconception evaluations when clinically appropriate. Commonly used names include Ureaplasma culture and Mycoplasma hominis genital culture.

Ureaplasma urealyticum, previously referred to as the T-960 biovar, is a urogenital mycoplasma that can colonize sperm membranes and the urogenital epithelium. Transmission occurs primarily through sexual contact, though contact exposure and vertical transmission from mother to infant during pregnancy or delivery also occur. Colonization does not invariably lead to disease; symptomatic infection is more likely with immune compromise, disruption of local mucosal defenses (including vaginal dysbiosis in women), chronic prostatitis in men, or concomitant infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or bacterial vaginosis. The incubation period is typically 2–5 weeks, and manifestations may be mild or absent, particularly in women. Clinically, Ureaplasma urealyticum most often causes non-gonococcal urethritis and less commonly cystitis. In men, complications include prostatitis, orchitis, and epididymitis, as well as abnormalities in semen quality (reduced sperm motility and concentration) that may contribute to infertility; reactive arthritis and urolithiasis have also been described. In women, infection can present as vaginitis or cervicitis, and, with impaired immunity, may extend to endometritis or adnexitis, raising the risk of ectopic pregnancy or infertility. During pregnancy, infection has been associated with cervical insufficiency, miscarriage, chorioamnionitis, and delivery of infants with low birth weight (<2500 g). Reported neonatal complications include pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bacteremia, and meningitis. Laboratory diagnosis may use culture or nucleic acid methods that identify the organism to the species level, which can inform treatment selection. Culture may be negative despite true infection, and detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis does not by itself establish causation, although both organisms are significantly associated with symptomatic disease. These pathogens are typically considered in the differential when other etiologic agents of urogenital inflammation are not identified.