Бак. посев мокроты на микрофлору с определением чувствительности к антибиотикам (кроме микобактерий туберкулеза)

Aerobic and facultative anaerobic culture (routine bacterial culture) is performed to isolate and identify the etiologic organism from clinical specimens obtained from suspected infection sites. The test enables organism-level identification and, when indicated, susceptibility testing to antibiotics and bacteriophages to inform targeted antimicrobial selection. It is also used to monitor therapeutic response by comparing culture results over the course of treatment.

Human microbiota comprises the communities of microorganisms that colonize skin and mucosal surfaces. The largest share—approximately 40%—resides in the gastrointestinal tract, with the remainder present on the skin, within the oropharynx, and in the genitourinary tract, among other sites. By ecological stability, the microbiota is often described as resident (up to 90% of organisms), facultative (less than 10%), and transient (no more than 0.5%). Microorganisms are also classified by pathogenic potential: nonpathogenic organisms do not cause disease, opportunistic species may cause infection under permissive conditions or at increased burden, and pathogenic organisms produce infectious disease and are not considered components of normal microbiota. Bacteriological culture of flora provides a qualitative and semi-quantitative profile of the microorganisms present in a submitted specimen and allows detection of pathogenic bacteria. When opportunistic organisms are recovered in high titer or when pathogenic bacteria are isolated, antimicrobial susceptibility is determined, including testing to antibiotics and bacteriophages, to guide therapy selection.