Бак посев отделяемого из вагинального канала на инфекции урогенитального тракта (UROGEN WELL D‐ONE)
Kod:19009
Tahlil ma'lumotlari
Tadqiqot usuli
—
Kutilayotgan natija topshirish vaqti
1–2 kun
Maxsus tayyorlik
- Schedule collection before menstruation or 2–3 days after bleeding ends.
- For 3 days before collection, avoid vaginal medications (suppositories, creams), spermicides, and tampons.
- Allow at least 48 hours to pass after transvaginal ultrasound, colposcopy, or biopsy before sampling.
- Abstain from sexual intercourse for 24 hours prior to the test.
- Do not perform vaginal douching the day before or the day of collection.
- Avoid urination for 1.5–2 hours before sampling.
- Clean the external genital area thoroughly without antiseptics or antibacterial soaps.
- Stop antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs several days in advance after consulting the treating clinician.
Qanday foydalanish
Ayollarning urogenital namunalari (mikroflora)ning mikroskopik tekshiruvi, 3 nuqta — qin, servikal va uretral surtmalar (Gram bo‘yash uchun tayyorlangan) — qin va endoservikal mikrobiota tarkibi hamda nisbiy ko‘pligini baholaydi. Test bakterial vaginoz diagnostikasini qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi va mikroskopiya bilan aniqlanishi mumkin bo‘lgan ayrim jinsiy yo‘l bilan yuqadigan infeksiyalarni, jumladan kandidoz, trixomoniaz va gonoreyani aniqlashga yordam beradi. Shuningdek, jinsiy a’zolar yoki pastki siydik yo‘li bilan bog‘liq kasalliklarning differensial bahosida va urogenital infeksiyalarda davoga javobni monitoring qilishda yordam beradi. Akusherlik amaliyotida surtma mikroskopiyasi prenatal skriningga kiritilgan — odatda dastlabki tashrifda va yana 30 va 36 haftalarda — hamda kontsepsiyagacha bo‘lgan baholashlarda qo‘llanilishi mumkin. Topilmalar bepushtlik va takroriy homila yo‘qotilishini tekshirishga hissa qo‘shishi mumkin.
Cheklovlar
Sog‘lom ayol urogenital traktida taxminan 40 mikroorganizmlar turidan iborat xilma-xil mikrobiota mavjud. Reproduktiv yoshdagilarda laktobatsillalar ustunlik qiladi va odatda qin florasining 95–98% ini tashkil etadi. Laktobatsillalar glikogenga boy muhitda vodorod peroksidi va sut kislotasi ishlab chiqarish orqali pH 3.8–4.5 darajadagi kislotali muhitni saqlab, opportunistik mikroorganizmlarning ortiqcha o‘sishini cheklaydi va patogenlarni bostiradi. Qolgan 2–3% ko‘pincha shartli-patogen mikroorganizmlardan iborat bo‘ladi — stafilokokklar, streptokokklar, korynebakteriyalar, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Gardnerella va anaeroblar (Bacteroides, Prevotella, Micrococcus, Mobiluncus, enterokokklar, peptokokklar, peptostreptokokklar, Veillonella, Clostridium, Eubacterium, Campylobacter va Fusobacterium) — hamda ba’zan Candida jinsiga mansub xamirturushsimon zamburug‘larning kichik miqdori uchraydi. Ushbu muvozanatning buzilishi immunitetning susayishi, stress, metabolik buzilishlar, keng ta’sir doirasidagi antibiotiklar, yallig‘lanishga qarshi, immunosupressiv yoki gormonal terapiyalar, shuningdek menarxe davrida, homiladorlikda, menopauzada va tug‘ruqdan yoki abortdan keyingi davrda kuzatiladigan fiziologik gormonal o‘zgarishlar ortidan yuzaga kelishi mumkin. Yomon gigiyena ham hissa qo‘shishi mumkin. Laktobatsillalar ustunligining kamayishi disbiozni va opportunistik mikroorganizmlarning ko‘payishini rag‘batlantiradi; o‘z vaqtida boshqarilmasa, bu tashqi va ichki jinsiy a’zolarning yallig‘lanish kasalliklari (masalan, endometrit, salpingit, ooforit), homiladorlikning asoratli kechishi, tushish va bepushtlik bilan bog‘liq bo‘lishi mumkin. Surtma mikroskopiyasi uch nuqtada (qin, bachadon bo‘yni, uretra) umumiy mikroblar yuklamasi haqida semikvantitativ tasavvur beradi, hamjamiyat tarkibini xarakterlaydi va mikroskopiyada aniqlanishi mumkin bo‘lgan ayrim patogenlarni, masalan Trichomonas vaginalis va Neisseria gonorrhoeae ni ko‘rsatishi mumkin. Shuningdek, qin epiteliyining holatini va yallig‘lanish intensivligini leykotsitlar soniga asoslanib baholash imkonini beradi. Preparatlar mikroorganizmlarni tezda gram-musbat yoki gram-manfiy toifalarga ajratish uchun Gram usulida bo‘yaladi; normal ginekologik surtmada laktobatsilla morfotiplariga mos keluvchi gram-musbat tayoqchalar ustunlik qiladi. Bu bakterioskopik yondashuv dastlabki skrining hisoblanadi: mikroorganizmlarni yakuniy aniqlash va antimikrob sezuvchanligini baholash uchun kultura (ekish) va sezuvchanlik sinovlari talab etiladi. Oddiy urogenital surtmalar viruslar, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma yoki Ureaplasma ni aniqlamaydi; bunday patogenlar uchun polimeraza zanjir reaksiyasi (PZR) yoki immunoanalizlar qo‘llaniladi. Mikrobiota hayz sikli davomida o‘zgarib turishi sababli, standartlashtirilgan namunani olish protseduralariga qat’iy rioya qilish ishonchli talqin uchun zarur.
| Referens oraliq | — |
|---|---|
| Ko'rsatmalar | Screening during preventive gynecologic visits to detect cervicovaginal inflammation and vaginitis., Symptoms suggesting urogenital infection: pelvic or lower abdominal pain, dysuria, dyspareunia, vulvovaginal pruritus, or abnormal discharge (purulent or curd-like)., Suspected post-therapy dysbiosis after courses of antibiotics, hormonal agents, or immunosuppressive therapy., Preprocedural evaluation prior to pelvic surgery and gynecologic interventions (e.g., cervical cauterization, polypectomy, endometrial curettage, intrauterine device placement)., Preconception evaluation or pregnancy planning. |
Namunangiz talablari
| Namunangiz | Surtma |
|---|---|
| Container | Eyms transport muhitidagi tampon |