Аскариды АТ Ig G

Ascaris lumbricoides, IgG (antiascaris IgG; Ascaris‑specific IgG) serology supports the evaluation of suspected ascariasis in conjunction with exposure history and clinical findings. Following initial infection, IgM appears briefly for approximately 1–2 weeks and then declines below detectable levels; IgG emerges thereafter and may reflect exposure but alone does not establish the diagnosis. Early identification of serologic reactivity can facilitate treatment before complications develop. IgG concentrations typically diminish after successful therapy and often become undetectable within about 3 months, so this assay can also assist in assessing response to treatment.

Ascariasis remains widespread globally; estimates suggest approximately 1.27 billion people—about one quarter of the world’s population—are infected. The causative nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides, is acquired by ingestion of eggs from contaminated food (commonly inadequately washed vegetables, especially root crops) or hands. After eggs reach the small intestine, larvae hatch and penetrate the intestinal wall, enter the bloodstream, and migrate through the liver and heart to the lungs. They traverse pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli, ascend the airways to the oropharynx, are swallowed, and return to the intestine. Within 2.5–3 months, the larvae mature into adult worms that reside in the small intestine; fertilized females can produce roughly 200,000 eggs daily. Eggs passed in stool are not immediately infectious and require favorable environmental conditions to mature. Adult worms live 6–16 months, and multi‑year persistence in a host typically reflects reinfection. Larvae and adult worms consume serum and erythrocytes. Complications arise from mechanical obstruction and ectopic migration, including intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis, appendicitis, and cholangitis; secondary bacterial infection may supervene when worms enter the pancreas, biliary tree, or colon. Laboratory diagnosis incorporates immunologic detection of specific antibodies to Ascaris, which is applicable in both the migratory and intestinal stages. During the intestinal phase, stool examination for Ascaris eggs is also useful; repeat testing may be required because egg shedding is intermittent. Peripheral eosinophilia is characteristic at various points in the disease course, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is usually elevated, and total leukocyte counts are generally normal unless a bacterial superinfection produces leukocytosis.