Бак посев отделяемого из цервикального канала на инфекции урогенитального тракта (UROGEN WELL D‐ONE)

Urogenital smear microscopy (Gram-stained evaluation of vaginal, cervical, and urethral smears) assesses the composition of the female genital tract microflora and inflammatory response. The test supports diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and can identify microscopic findings consistent with vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and gonorrhea. It is used in the differential evaluation of lower genital and urinary tract disorders, to monitor response to therapy for infections of the urogenital tract, and as part of reproductive care. In obstetric settings, bacterioscopic examination of smears is recommended three times during pregnancy—at initial prenatal registration, at 30 weeks, and at 36 weeks—and may be incorporated into workups for infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss.

In the normal vaginal ecosystem of reproductive-age women, lactobacilli predominate and typically account for 95–98% of organisms. Through production of hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid in a glycogen-rich environment, these bacteria maintain an acidic milieu (pH 3.8–4.5) that limits proliferation of potential pathogens. The remaining 2–3% of the community may include conditionally pathogenic taxa such as staphylococci, streptococci, corynebacteria, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Gardnerella, and anaerobes (including Bacteroides, Prevotella, Mobiluncus, enterococci, peptococci, peptostreptococci, Veillonella, Clostridia, Eubacterium, Campylobacter, and Fusobacterium). Small numbers of Candida yeasts may also be present in asymptomatic individuals. Disturbance of lactobacillus dominance—due to immune suppression, stress, metabolic disorders, exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, or hormonal therapies, physiologic hormonal transitions (menarche, pregnancy, menopause, postpartum or postabortion), or inadequate hygiene—can lead to dysbiosis with overgrowth of opportunists. Without timely management, such imbalance is associated with inflammatory conditions of the external and internal genital organs (e.g., endometritis, salpingitis, oophoritis), adverse pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage, and may contribute to infertility. Microscopic examination of female urogenital smears provides a semi-quantitative estimate of total microbial burden across the vagina, cervical canal, and urethra, characterizes flora composition, and evaluates the epithelial component and leukocyte response as indicators of inflammation. Gram staining facilitates rapid classification of organisms as gram positive or gram negative; in typical gynecologic smears, normal flora appears as gram-positive rods consistent with lactobacilli. The procedure serves as an orienting test: definitive identification of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility requires culture with susceptibility testing. Viruses, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma are not visualized by smear microscopy and require nucleic acid amplification or immunoassay methods. Because the vaginal microbiota varies during the menstrual cycle, adherence to collection timing and preparation guidance supports interpretable results.