Посев кала на патогенную флору (диз. группа и тифопаратифозная группа) без определения чувствительности к антибиотикам

Stool culture for pathogenic flora (dysentery group and typhoid/paratyphoid group) without antibiotic susceptibility testing is performed to recover enteric bacterial pathogens from stool, including Shigella spp., Salmonella enterica (Typhi and Paratyphi), and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. The test aids evaluation of acute infectious diarrhea and confirmation of these etiologies when clinically suspected. It also contributes to the differential diagnosis of diarrhea by helping distinguish bacterial causes from viral or parasitic infections and from noninfectious mimics such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal malignancy, malabsorption, and select endocrine disorders. The assay is further used to assess asymptomatic carriage in exposed individuals and during public health investigations.

Pathogenic enteric bacteria are not components of the normal intestinal microbiota; acquisition typically leads to infectious disease transmitted by the fecal–oral route. Recovery of these organisms from stool supports a clinical diagnosis in compatible syndromes. Shigella spp. cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), a colitis-predominant illness characterized by fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea in which blood, mucus, or pus may be present. Transmission is fecal–oral, and disease often clusters in settings with close contact. The typhoid–paratyphoid group encompasses Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the Paratyphi serovars A, B, and C, and other salmonellae that can involve the gastrointestinal tract. Salmonellosis commonly presents with features resembling gastroenteritis or enteritis, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, fever, and headache. Typhoid fever typically has an insidious onset with malaise, insomnia, and headache, followed by sustained fever and neuropsychiatric manifestations such as obtundation, altered consciousness, and delirium, along with bowel dysfunction and a truncal rash. Paratyphoid A and B resemble typhoid clinically and epidemiologically, whereas paratyphoid C can mimic a foodborne toxico-infection. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli cause escherichioses and are more frequently encountered in children. Pathotypes include enterotoxigenic (ETEC), which produces a cholera-like watery diarrhea; enteropathogenic (EPEC), a cause of pediatric diarrhea; enteroinvasive (EIEC), which shares features with shigellosis; and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), associated with dysentery-like diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis. Carrier states may be transient (incidentally detected), acute during convalescence, or chronic. Identification relies on microbiological culture on selective and differential media with subsequent organism characterization.