Бак посев кала на дисбактериоз кишечника с определением чувствительности к антибиотикам

The intestinal dysbiosis (intestinal dysbacteriosis) stool microbiology test provides qualitative and quantitative characterization of obligate, opportunistic, and pathogenic intestinal flora and may include assessment of the antagonistic activity of probiotics. It is used to evaluate persistent gastrointestinal complaints, to document dysbiosis following antimicrobial exposure, and to guide rational selection of antibiotic therapy and probiotic regimens. When indicated, the study can be complemented by antimicrobial and bacteriophage susceptibility testing of recovered organisms to support targeted management.

Intestinal dysbiosis denotes a disturbance in the composition and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities in the gastrointestinal tract. In health, the mucosa hosts commensal organisms that confer barrier and immune-modulating functions in exchange for nutrients. The predominant commensals include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides, although distribution varies by site: the stomach harbors low-density flora such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Helicobacter pylori; the small intestine contains up to 10^3–10^6 CFU/mL, largely Streptococcus and Lactobacillus; and the colon has the highest density at 10^8–10^9 CFU/mL, dominated by Bacteroides, Clostridium, Fusobacterium, and Bifidobacterium. Commensals create a physical barrier to pathogen invasion, secrete antimicrobial molecules (e.g., defensins), and regulate mucosal immunity, which can attenuate inflammatory and allergic responses. Dysbiosis arises with prolonged or unsupervised antibacterial therapy, disordered gastrointestinal motility (e.g., postoperative states, laxative use), malabsorption due to chronic alcohol use or chronic pancreatitis, and other conditions. Altered microbiota has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease, as well as in extraintestinal conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome and atopic dermatitis. Conventional diagnostic evaluation relies on microbiological analysis of stool to qualitatively and quantitatively assess obligate, opportunistic, and pathogenic organisms. Findings support inferences about deficiency of obligate commensals or overgrowth of opportunistic or pathogenic bacteria. This approach represents one of the more specific and sensitive methods employed for dysbiosis assessment, yet it has limitations: fecal microbial profiles differ from those adherent to the intestinal mucosa, and recent use of antibiotics, probiotic-rich foods, or laxatives can alter results. Given rising antimicrobial resistance, probiotics have an expanding therapeutic role. Probiotics comprise commensal bacteria or yeasts whose protective effects against overgrowth are described as antagonistic activity; this property can be measured microbiologically and is often determined before prescribing probiotic therapy. When clinically appropriate, testing may be supplemented with antibiotic and bacteriophage susceptibility profiles of isolated organisms. Results are interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and instrumental findings.