Энтеробиоз (исследование соскоба)

The Enterobiasis (pinworm) test evaluates a perianal adhesive tape or impression specimen by light microscopy to identify eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. It supports diagnosis of suspected enterobiasis and is appropriate for screening exposed contacts or individuals undergoing routine institutional or occupational health evaluations.

Enterobiasis is caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis and represents one of the most common helminth infections in children worldwide, including in developed regions. Estimated pediatric prevalence ranges from 4% to 28%. The adult worm is white and measures 0.5–1 cm, residing primarily in the cecum and appendix where it feeds mainly on intestinal contents. The cardinal symptom—perianal itching—arises when gravid females migrate to the perianal skin during sleep to deposit approximately 5,000–15,000 eggs, after which they die. Transmission is predominantly fecal–oral. Scratching can transfer eggs beneath the fingernails, facilitating contamination of household items and personal effects; lapses in hand hygiene sustain spread, particularly in congregate environments such as preschools and schools. Many infections are mild and present chiefly with pruritus ani, but restlessness, decreased appetite, insomnia, and irritability can occur. With severe, prolonged disease, disturbances of mental development in children have been described. Rare ectopic infections may involve organs such as the kidneys or fallopian tubes and can have serious consequences. Diagnosis relies on a perianal swab or adhesive tape method with subsequent microscopic examination. Management emphasizes hygienic measures—handwashing, nail trimming, frequent changing, laundering, and ironing of underwear. Topical zinc ointment may be applied to the perianal area to limit egg spread, and antihelminthic therapy is administered; household and other close contacts also receive treatment.