Rotavirus, Direct Detection Immunoassay

The Rotavirus, Direct Detection Immunoassay (rotavirus antigen test; Rotavirus Ag EIA) assesses stool for rotaviral antigen to diagnose rotavirus gastroenteritis in symptomatic individuals and to identify asymptomatic carriage. Use of this assay supports evaluation of suspected viral gastroenteritis and helps inform infection prevention and control measures.

Rotavirus is an enteric RNA virus transmitted by the fecal–oral route and is a major cause of severe diarrhea in young children and in older adults. Person-to-person spread predominates, incidence increases in colder seasons, and the incubation period typically ranges from 15 hours to several days. Illness begins abruptly with gastroenteritis manifested by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, often accompanied by fever. Complications include dehydration with associated electrolyte and acid–base disturbances. Asymptomatic infection occurs, and postinfection immunity is incomplete, allowing reinfection. Detection of rotavirus antigen in stool is a sensitive and specific diagnostic method during the acute phase of disease.