Трихинеллы IgG

Trichinella, IgG (Anti‑Trichinella IgG) serology is used to assess infection with Trichinella species, the nematodes responsible for trichinellosis. The assay supports diagnosis in patients with relevant exposure, such as consumption of undercooked pork or wild game, and clinical features that include early gastrointestinal illness followed by myalgias, eosinophilia, and elevated muscle enzymes. Results are interpreted alongside the timeline of symptoms and other laboratory data because IgG antibodies develop after infection and can persist for months to years.

Trichinella are parasitic roundworms; several species infect humans. Reservoir hosts include domestic pigs and a variety of wild carnivores and omnivores (eg, bears, foxes, rats). Infection follows ingestion of meat containing viable larvae encysted in striated muscle, with pork and wild game posing the greatest risk. Prevention relies on thorough cooking; heating to the boiling point of water (100 °C) kills Trichinella, and adequate internal temperature throughout the meat is required. Pigs commonly acquire infection through contact with rats, and the life cycle is sustained when animals consume infected tissue. After ingestion, gastric acid dissolves the cyst wall, releasing larvae that invade the small intestine and mature to adults within 1–2 days. Males die after mating, and females are eliminated within 3–5 weeks by host immune responses. Newborn larvae penetrate the intestinal wall, disseminate hematogenously, and encyst within skeletal muscle, where the capsule progressively calcifies. Encysted larvae can persist for prolonged periods and remain infectious to the next host. The illness is typically biphasic. An initial intestinal phase occurs during the first days after infection, with abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea that usually resolve by about day 10. A subsequent disseminated and muscular phase begins approximately 2–3 weeks after infection, reflecting vascular and myopathic involvement and characterized by myalgias, fever, weakness, and edema, particularly of the face and periorbital tissues. Petechiae may appear beneath the nails or on ocular surfaces. Myocardial involvement may occur, with chest discomfort and tachycardia; neurologic complications are uncommon and arise mainly in heavy infections. Laboratory findings from the second week include eosinophilia and elevations of muscle enzymes such as creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. In heavily infected patients, muscle biopsy may reveal encysted larvae. The host mounts humoral responses to several immunoglobulin classes; IgE can arise early but is not reliable for diagnosis. IgG becomes detectable about 12–60 days after infection (earlier with higher parasite burden) and can remain elevated for months to years.