Индекс TG/HDL

The Lipid Panel (also called the Lipid Profile or Coronary Risk Panel) measures circulating lipids and lipoprotein fractions to assess atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. It supports baseline risk estimation and ongoing management in individuals with ischemic heart disease, hypertension, systemic atherosclerosis, kidney disease, or diabetes mellitus. The test is used to evaluate patients with a family history of hypercholesterolemia or heightened risk of myocardial infarction or stroke, and to track the response to dietary modification and lipid‑lowering therapy.

Disturbances in lipid metabolism contribute directly to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Elevated total cholesterol together with inflammatory changes in the arterial wall increases the likelihood of arterial thickening, luminal narrowing, and impaired regional perfusion. Atherosclerotic vascular disease, in turn, is associated with higher risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, and kidney pathology. A lipid profile helps characterize the atherogenic potential of plasma, even when total cholesterol is within the reference range. The panel typically includes triglycerides, total cholesterol, and cholesterol carried by high‑, low‑, and very‑low‑density lipoproteins; an atherogenic coefficient is also reported. Cholesterol is essential for membrane structure, serves as a precursor of steroid hormones, and is required for bile acid synthesis that facilitates nutrient absorption; it is produced primarily by the liver and also obtained from the diet, circulating in blood as lipoprotein complexes. High‑density lipoproteins remove excess free cholesterol from peripheral tissues, transporting it to the liver for catabolism to fatty acids or transferring it to very‑low‑density lipoproteins (VLDL), which contributes to their conversion to low‑density lipoproteins (LDL). HDL is anti‑atherogenic; reduced HDL suggests increased risk. LDL constitutes approximately 60–70% of total cholesterol, can accumulate in the arterial wall, and its plasma concentration—more than total cholesterol—drives risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Hypertriglyceridemia is likewise associated with atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Triglycerides are fatty acid–glycerol esters that serve as a major energy source; they are stored predominantly in adipose tissue, with a smaller circulating fraction derived from the diet or synthesized in the liver and transported mainly in VLDL. Elevated triglycerides frequently coexist with diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and other lipid profile abnormalities. The atherogenic coefficient is calculated from lipid parameters as CA = (total cholesterol − HDL). Non‑HDL cholesterol—computed as total cholesterol minus HDL—integrates all lipoprotein fractions involved in atherogenesis and demonstrates greater prognostic value than LDL in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Professional societies recommend using non‑HDL cholesterol as a secondary treatment target, especially when triglycerides are elevated and in individuals with diabetes or obesity. Interpretation of lipid panel results should account for additional cardiovascular risk determinants, including age, sex, familial predisposition to dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease, abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism, elevated blood pressure, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and kidney disease.