Qaytarish

Glutamat dekarboksilaza (GAD) ga qarshi autoantitana

Kod:9064|CPT:86341|LOINC:56540-8

Sinonimlar
Антитела к декарбоксилазе глютаминовой кислотыантитела к ГДК.AT-GADAnti-GADAnti-GAD AntibodiesAnti-GAD65Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase antibodyGAD antibodiesGAD-65 AntibodyGlutamate Decarboxylase AntibodiesGlutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies
KabiGAD-65

Tahlil ma'lumotlari

Tadqiqot usuli

  • Ferment bilan bog'langan immunosorbent analiz (ELISA)
  • Immunoanaliz

Kutilayotgan natija topshirish vaqti

1 kun

Maxsus tayyorlik

  • Review biotin (vitamin B7/B8, vitamin H, coenzyme R) use and stop high‑dose biotin for at least 72 hours before the blood draw
  • Do not smoke during the 30 minutes prior to specimen collection

Qanday foydalanish

Glutamat dekarboksilaza (GAD) ga qarshi autoantitana tahlili (anti‑GAD yoki GAD65 antitanasi) glutamat dekarboksilazaga qarshi avtoimmunitetni yarim miqdoriy baholash uchun qo‘llanadi; avtoimmun (1‑tur) qandli diabetni tasdiqlashni qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi va 1‑tur qandli diabetni 2‑turdan farqlashga yordam beradi. 1‑tur qandli diabetli bemorlarning qarindoshlarida ijobiy natija kelgusidagi kasallik xavfini tabaqalashtirishga xizmat qiladi. Tahlil, shuningdek, anti‑GAD immuniteti bilan bog‘liq nevrologik sindromlarni baholashda yordam beradi, jumladan stiff‑person (Moersch–Woltman) sindromi, avtoimmun serebellar ataksiya, epilepsiya, miasteniya gravis va paraneoplastik ensefalit.

Cheklovlar

Glutamat dekarboksilaza gamma‑aminobutirik kislota (GABA) sintezini katalizlaydi va neyronlar hamda oshqozon osti bezi beta hujayralarida ifodalanadi. Anti‑GAD autoantitanalari 1‑tur qandli diabet tashxisi qo‘yilish vaqtida bemorlarning taxminan 95% ida aniqlanadi va davom etayotgan immun vositachiligidagi beta hujayra destruksiyasini bildiradi, shu tariqa avtoimmun 1‑tur qandli diabetni 2‑tur diabetdan farqlashga yordam beradi. Anti‑GAD javoblari, odatda, orolchalar hujayralarining sitoplazmatik antitanalariga nisbatan uzoqroq saqlanadi va 1‑tur qandli diabetli kattalarda bolalarga qaraganda ko‘proq aniqlanadi. Serokonversiya giperglikemiya boshlanishidan oldin sodir bo‘lishi mumkin. 1‑tur qandli diabetli bemorlarning qarindoshlarida yolg‘iz anti‑GAD ijobiyligi taxminan 10 yillik xavfning 20% atrofida oshishini bildiradi, ikki yoki undan ortiq orolchalar autoantitanalarining mavjudligi esa 10 yil davomida taxminan 90% xavfni bashorat qiladi. Oila anamnezisiz shaxslarda bitta ijobiy anti‑GAD natijasi populyatsiyaning fon xavfini sezilarli darajada o‘zgartirmaydi. Avtoimmun endokrinopatiyalar — Graves kasalligi, tseliakiya va birlamchi adrenal yetishmovchiligi — 1‑tur qandli diabetda ko‘proq uchraydi; anti‑GAD ijobiy bo‘lganda bog‘liq avtoimmun holatlar uchun qo‘shimcha tekshiruv tavsiya etiladi. Keskin yuqori anti‑GAD titrlari, ko‘pincha 1‑tur qandli diabetda kuzatiladigan darajalardan 100 martadan ortiq bo‘lib, avtoimmun nevrologik kasalliklar bilan bog‘liq, ayniqsa stiff‑person sindromi, avtoimmun serebellar ataksiya, epilepsiya, miasteniya gravis, paraneoplastik ensefalit va Lambert–Eaton sindromi. Anti‑GAD antitanalari, shuningdek, sog‘lom shaxslarning taxminan 8% ida aniqlanadi; ularning ayrimlarida avtoimmun qalqonsimon yoki gastrik kasallikni ko‘rsatuvchi autoantitanalar mavjud bo‘lib, Xashimoto tireoiditi, tirotoksikoz yoki zararli anemiyaga moyillikni bildiradi.

Referens oraliq
MinMaks
010
Ko'rsatmalarHyperglycemia suggestive of diabetes mellitus accompanied by polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, progressive visual changes, distal sensory loss, or chronic nonhealing ulcers of the feet or legs, Estimating future type 1 diabetes risk in individuals with a positive family history, Workup of suspected anti‑GAD–associated neurologic disease such as stiff‑person (Moersch–Woltman) syndrome, autoimmune cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, myasthenia gravis, or paraneoplastic encephalitis

Namunangiz talablari

NamunangizZardob
ContainerOltin/yo'lbars qopqoqli probirka (SST, gel ajratgich)
Hajm0.5 mL (min 0.4 mL)
Saqlash tayyorlikXona harorati, Sovutilgan, Muzlatilgan

References

Saiz A, Blanco Y, Sabater L, González F, Bataller L, Casamitjana R, Ramió-Torrentà L, Graus F. Spectrum of neurological syndromes associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies: diagnostic clues for this association. Brain. 2008 Oct;131(Pt 10):2553-63.

Hwangbo Y, Kim JT, Kim EK, Khang AR, Oh TJ, Jang HC, Park KS, Kim SY, Lee HK, Cho YM. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with positive anti-glutamic Acid decarboxylase antibody. Diabetes Metab J. 2012 Apr;36(2):136-43.

Kronenberg H et al. Williams textbook of Endocrinology / H.M. Kronenberg, S. Melmed, K.S.Polonsky, P.R. Larsen; 11 ed. – Saunder Elsevier, 2008.

Felig P, Frohman L. A. Endocrinology & Metabolism / P. Felig, L. A. Frohman; 4th ed. – McGraw-Hill, 2001.